Scalp Infection

Scalp Infection - chhc

Scalp infections refer to a group of conditions caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, or parasites affecting the skin, hair follicles, and hair shafts of the scalp.

Common forms include:

Fungal: Tinea capitis (ringworm), favus

Bacterial: Folliculitis, impetigo, cellulitis

Viral: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster

Parasitic: Pediculosis capitis (head lice)

Types of scalp infection:

  1. Ringworm: Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes a ring-shaped mark on the skin. It can affect any part of the body, including the scalp. Ringworm that affects the scalp is known as tinea capitis.

    Symptoms include:

    • scaly, red, bald patch anywhere on the scalp
    • Itching

    This can spread across the scalp, producing many separate spots. Affects children more than adults.

  2. Fungal infections: In rare cases, a person may develop a fungal infection on the scalp caused by a fungus found in the environment. One example is mucormycosis, a rare infection caused by fungi found in soil. The fungus can enter the body through broken skin, such as a cut or skin condition.

    Symptoms include:

    Symptoms include:

    People who have a weakened immune system are at higher risk of developing a fungal infection. People can reduce their risk of developing fungal infections by keeping cuts or broken skin clean and covered. This is particularly important when working outside or around soil.

  3.  Folliculitis:

    The hair on the body and the scalp grow out of hair follicles. Bacteria can enter the skin through damaged hair follicles, causing an infection called folliculitis.

    People can get folliculitis on their scalp from:

    • Shaving or plucking hair on the scalp
    • Frequently touching the scalp
    • Wearing tight hats or other headgear
    • Having hot, damp skin for an extended time

    It can cause pain or itching.

  4. Impetigo: Impetigo is a common skin infection that often affects children. It is a contagious bacterial infection.
    Staphylococcus bacteria live on the skin and are mostly harmless, but they can cause an infection if they enter damaged skin.
    Another bacterium called Streptococcus can also cause impetigo. It spread from person to person by skin contact, touching objects, or sneezing and coughing.
    Impetigo most commonly affects the face, particularly the area around the nose and mouth, but it can affect any part of the body where the skin is broken. This includes the scalp. Impetigo can also spread from the original site to other areas of the body.
    Impetigo causes red sores on the skin that burst, leaving a yellow-brown crust. It can also cause large, fluid-filled blisters that break open and leave a sore. These sores and blisters often itch and can be painful.
    Impetigo is highly contagious. A person can avoid passing on the infection by staying away from school or work, washing their hands often, and covering sores or blisters with a bandage.
  5. Seborrheic dermatitis: This common skin condition causes dry, flaking skin. Seborrheic dermatitis can cause redness and may itch.

    Cradle cap, which develops on a baby’s scalp, is a form of seborrheic dermatitis.
    In adults, seborrheic dermatitis is the most common cause of dandruff.

  6. Viral infection: Replicates in epithelial cells, causing painful vesicular eruptions (e.g., herpes zoster).

  7. Parasitic infections (lice): Lice attach to hair shafts and feed on blood.
    Leads to itching, excoriations, and secondary infection.

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Itching
  • Redness and inflammation
  • Scalp tenderness
  • Scaling or dandruff-like flakes
  • Oozing or crusts
  • Painful pustules or bumps
  • Hair loss (patchy or diffuse)
  • Bad odor from scalp (in severe fungal infections)

Diagnosis:

A:- Clinical Examination: 

  • Inspection of scalp lesions
  • Trichoscopy (dermoscopy) to identify hair and scalp changes
  • Checking for lymphadenopathy

B:- Laboratory Investigations:

  • KOH mount: confirms fungal elements
  • Fungal culture
  • Bacterial swab and culture
  • Viral PCR for herpes infections
  • Woods lamp fluorescence for certain fungal species
  • Microscopic examination for nits in lice infestation

C:- Other evaluations:

  • Complete blood count if systemic infection is suspected
  • Patch test if allergic dermatitis is a differential diagnosis

Complications:

  • Scarring alopecia (permanent bald spots)
  • Spread of infection
  • Intense pain/inflammation
  • Rarely serious intracranial infections (brain abscesses, meningitis)

Treatment:

General Management

  • Hygiene Measures
  • Regular hair washing
  • Do not share combs, towels, pillows, caps
  • Disinfect personal items
  • Maintain clean scalp environment

How Homeopathy Helps?

In scalp infections, homeopathic medicines act on the tissues primarily involved in inflammation, discharge, and repair. They work on the scalp skin and sebaceous glands to clear moist, crusting, exudative eruptions that often become secondarily infected. These remedies also influence the skin and hair follicles, reducing rawness, itching, and repeated excoriation that aggravates infection. At a deeper level, homeopathic medicines act on thickened, chronically irritated scalp tissue, helping to resolve sticky, glutinous discharges and long-standing infected eczema. Together, their sphere of action supports healthier skin turnover, reduced exudation, and smoother recovery of the scalp.

The homeopathic approach focuses on removing the constitutional tendency toward recurrent scalp infections by:

  • Reducing inflammation
  • Eliminating the tendency to infection
  • Promoting healthy hair growth
  • Correcting individual susceptibility through constitutional treatment

Commonly indicated homeopathic remedies (selected on individual symptoms):

  1. Graphites: Oozing sticky discharge, thick crusts, fissures, eczema of scalp.
  2. Sulphur: Itching, burning scalp, dry scales, aggravation from heat; unclean, scruffy scalp.
  3. Mezereum: Thick leathery crusts with pus beneath; severe itching; offensive smell.
  4. Hepar sulph: Painful, extremely sensitive scalp; suppurative infections; boils, folliculitis.
  5. Psorinum: Offensive-smelling scalp eruptions; chronic recurrent infections; intense itching.
  6. Kali sulphuricum: Yellow, sticky scales; dandruff-like fungal infections.

⚠️ Important: Homeopathic medicines must be prescribed based on totality of symptoms. Self-medication is not advised. Always consult a qualified homeopath for accurate diagnosis and individualized remedy selection.

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Frequently Asked Questions

General Instruction for Taking Homeopathy Medicines
  • All homeopathic medicines are to be taken on or under the tongue & they should be allowed to dissolve completely.
  • Avoid any food item 5 minutes before & after taking the medicines. Water can be consumed.
  • Make sure that the mouth is devoid of any taste or smell when the medicine is to be taken.
  • The quantity of the medicines (pills) is not important but the frequent stimulation is the main criteria.
Is Homeopathy safe for all age groups?
  • All homeopathic medicines are to be taken on or under the tongue & they should be allowed to dissolve completely.
  • Avoid any food item 5 minutes before & after taking the medicines. Water can be consumed.
  • Make sure that the mouth is devoid of any taste or smell when the medicine is to be taken.
  • The quantity of the medicines (pills) is not important but the frequent stimulation is the main criteria.
Does Homeopathy work slowly?
  • All homeopathic medicines are to be taken on or under the tongue & they should be allowed to dissolve completely.
  • Avoid any food item 5 minutes before & after taking the medicines. Water can be consumed.
  • Make sure that the mouth is devoid of any taste or smell when the medicine is to be taken.
  • The quantity of the medicines (pills) is not important but the frequent stimulation is the main criteria.
Can Homeopathy be taken along with allopathic medicine?
  • All homeopathic medicines are to be taken on or under the tongue & they should be allowed to dissolve completely.
  • Avoid any food item 5 minutes before & after taking the medicines. Water can be consumed.
  • Make sure that the mouth is devoid of any taste or smell when the medicine is to be taken.
  • The quantity of the medicines (pills) is not important but the frequent stimulation is the main criteria.
Is Homeopathy just a placebo?
  • All homeopathic medicines are to be taken on or under the tongue & they should be allowed to dissolve completely.
  • Avoid any food item 5 minutes before & after taking the medicines. Water can be consumed.
  • Make sure that the mouth is devoid of any taste or smell when the medicine is to be taken.
  • The quantity of the medicines (pills) is not important but the frequent stimulation is the main criteria.
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